otsukaresama deshita| 有名人の最新ニュースを読者にお届けします。

私たちは、人々が好きな有名人について読んで、それについて気分を良くすることができるスペースを作りたかったのです.私たちは、人々が有名人についてポジティブな方法でゴシップできる場所を作りたかった.
私たちは、何年もの間、日本のエンターテインメント ニュースを生き、呼吸してきた情熱的なエンターテインメント ニュース ジャンキーの小さなチームです。

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Japanese Language – What is the Meaning of Otsukaresama?

From the word “otsukaresama” (お疲れ様), or the verb “tsukareru” (疲れる) in plain form, means “to be tired.” So “otsukaresama desu” (present tense; お疲れ様です) or “otsukaresama deshita” (past tense; お疲れ様でした) would be “you are tired.” Wait, how can “you are tired” be used as a greeting, or for any of the above situations at all?

The Origin of Otsukaresama

First, we need to understand the foundational thinking of Japanese culture: always be appreciative. As discussed before, this Buddhist thinking has largely shaped the Japanese culture we know of, as seen in saying “itadakimasu” and “gochisosama” before and after a meal, and in the original meaning of “arigatou” (i.e. “be thankful for it’s hard to come along”). In the same vein, recognizing someone is tired can be read as, “you are tired because you have worked hard, so thank you”.

Otsukaresama – How to Use This Phase

In such context, “otsukaresama” would make much more sense as a hello, goodbye and thank you, especially at workplaces, which is where you will find “otsukaresama” put at use the most.

1. As A Greeting 

Colleagues say “otsukaresama desu” to each other when they first arrive to work, meeting each other at the hallway, when they pick up the phone or before hanging up. The seemingly general greeting is thus turned into something with a larger meaning because you are also acknowledging each other’s hard work.

2. At Work 

In the Japanese workplace “otsukaresama desu” could be used for whatever reason throughout a work day, such as as an opening or ending to an individual or a group task. An example can be when you and a colleague are talking about his/her dealing with a difficult case. Saying “otsukaresama desu” will mean his/her time and effort are recognized and appreciated (as part of teamwork).

3. At the End of Day

Similarly, “otsukaresama” is used at the end of a workday between colleagues to show each other support. However, here you will have to be a bit careful: while leaving on time or earlier than your teammates is not “wrong” in any sense, most Japanese workers tend to stay longer than required to show their enthusiasm towards their work. In old-fashioned workplaces, workers may be considered rude to leave before their bosses or superiors do.

Hence, a good-willed “otsukaresama desu” (i.e. present tense) might not be appreciated especially by those who are staying behind at work, or some might even take it as mockery. That said, leaving work at reasonable times is more commonplace in modern Japanese companies and in that case, “osaki ni shitsurei-shimasu” (please pardon my leaving earlier; お先に失礼します) would be used, and in reply you will hear, “otsukaresama deshita” (i.e. past tense).

“Otsukaresama deshita” is also used as a Japanese “cheers,” especially among colleagues who go for drinks together after work.

Otsukaresama – Other Expressions

An alternate version of “otsukaresama” would be “gokurosan” (ご苦労さん) or “gokurosama” (ご苦労様), which basically bears the same meaning as “otsukaresama.” Likewise, “desu” or “deshita” could be added according to the context. However, note that “gokurosama” is mostly used by seniors to subordinates, in which the latter shall reply with “otsukaresama desu / deshita”.

Thank you for reading this until the end. Otsukaresama deshita!

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What is the meaning of Otsukaresama deshita?

Otsukaresama deshita.
お疲れ様でした。
おつかれさまでした。

This expression means “Good job” or “Thank you for your work”. It is used in many contexts that we will see later in this article.

If we cut this sentence word by word we get:

• O: Honourary prefix. By using it one shows the respect that he has for his interlocutor.
• Tsukare: From the verb “Tsukareru” which means “Become tired”.
• Sama: Suffix that also marks respect.
• Deshita: A word that indicates that the action described in the sentence happened in the past.

We can therefore literally translate this expression by “We are tired”. A phrase you would never dare to say in public at your workplace. Well, the Japanese say it all the time! Contrary to what one might think, it does not imply anything negative. Japanese workers use this expression to encourage themselves and express their gratitude among colleagues.

Please note that the term “Otsukaresama deshita” should be used after the work has been completed. If the work is in progress, it will be necessary to use its equivalent to the present: “Otsukaresama desu”.

When should you say “Otsukaresama desu”?

There are several key moments in a day when you can say “Otsukaresama desu” or “Otsukaresama deshita” to your colleagues.

When you arrive at your workplace

It is quite rare to hear employees of a Japanese company say “Hello” in the morning. Indeed, the morning greeting and polite formulas such as “How are you?” are almost always replaced by “Otsukaresama desu”.

During your working day

Usually, everyone say “Otsukaresama desu” at the end of a meeting, in order to thank everyone for their presence. This also works when one of your colleagues comes back from an outside meeting. In this case you have to tell each other “Otsukaresama desu”.

These two situations are just two examples among many. You can say “Otsukaresama” to a colleague you meet in front of the coffee machine or in the restrooms.

After work

You can also say “Otsukaresama desu” when you finish your work day. In this situation it is also possible to say “Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu”. In any case, your colleagues remaining in the office will have to answer you “Otsukaresama deshita”.

You will also be able to express your gratitude for the work done by your colleagues during Nomikai, these ritual coworkers pub crawls. “Otsukaresama” is an integral part of the Nommunication, the language used during drinking parties.

In other (totally random) situations

It is not forbidden to use “Otsukaresama” outside of your working environment. For example, it is always nice to say this expression to a friend who joins you after his work day. Even if you are not working for the same company.

In principle, you can tell everyone who has just done hard work. Even if they were not paid for it. Like these everyday situations:

• Your father just passed the lawnmower, “Otsukaresama”.
• Your little brother has just cleaned his room, “Otsukaresama”.
• Your little sister has just finished her homework, “Otsukaresama”.
• Your bodybuilder buddy returns from his sports session, “Otsukaresama”.

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Working in Japan?

You’ve finally landed your dream job in Japan and you want to make sure that you develop a warm relationship with your new Japanese colleagues. The key express that you will have to learn is, “otsukaresama desu” (お疲(つか)れ様(さま)です).

Don’t even try to translate it literally as this is one of those Japanese expressions, like onegaishimasu, that will lose all its meaning when transposed directly into another language!

Meaning of お疲れ様です (Otsukaresama desu)

In お-疲れ-様, you can find the root 疲れる (tsukareru) which translates into ‘be or to get tired’. However, the meaning of the expression is quite different. In the workplace, お疲れ様です expresses the appreciation of your co-workers’ hard work.

The closest English translation would be “thank you for your hard work”, “good work” or more simply saying that “you’ve worked hard”. By saying お疲れ様です, you show your appreciation for a colleague’s work within your team or related to your company.

When to use お疲れ様です (Otsukaresama desu)

First of all, don’t be embarrassed. It might sounds strange to repeat it several times a day, every time you see your coworkers but for your colleagues it shows your desire to get closer and to respect Japanese work culture.

Situation 1 – Arriving at your workplace

In a situation when you would normally say “hi” or “how are you doing” to your colleague, replace it by お疲れ様です. The expression is proper when you arrive at work after your colleagues. It is also a perfect conversation starter or ending, depending on the situation.

Situation 2 – In the workplace

You can use the expression in a wide range of situations, so it’s difficult to explain them all. Very often, internal meetings will end with everyone saying お疲れ様です as a way to thank all the participants.
Co-workers will thank each other for the completion of a task or when one of them come back from a meeting outside. お疲れ様です expresses the importance of team work in Japan. Japanese people believe it essential that everyone feels recognized and part of the company.
You can even say the phrase when crossing the path of a colleague in your company’s hallway. It’s never too much!

Situation 3 – After work

The phrase is typically used after working hours, when employees leave the office. The colleagues still working say goodbye with お疲(つか)れ様(さま)でした (otsukaresama deshita).
Japan is also known for nominication, a word born from 飲む to drink and the word “communication”. Traditionally, Japanese coworkers will share drinks together after work and in a more casual context, which will help to build a good work relationship.
If you are working or will be working in Japan, check out our Business Japanese Courses to help you with your business Japanese!

Difference between です(desu) and でした (deshita)

Good question. The nuance is a bit tricky. When saying でした, you use the past form and imply that the work is “done”, “over”. If you were to leave a colleague to his task and say でした, you would literally say “thank you for your finished work” although he’s still working on it! When in doubt, prefer the present phrase “otsukaresama desu”. Better being safe than rude.

Can I use お疲れ様です (Otsukaresama desu) outside of the Workplace?

Yes. Even outside your working environment, you could use the expression to greet some people you know well. However, the meaning would be a little different and more close to a simple greeting than an appreciation of their work day.

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The Meaning of Otsukaresama お疲れ様(おつかれさま)

The Japanese phrase “Otsukaresama” is a business phrase used often in the workplace. You may recognise one of the more common Japanese with this word “Tsukareru” which means “to become tired” or “to get tired”. This makes sense, right? After a long day at work you are feeling tired so maybe that has something to do with it? Wrong!

The true meaning of “Otsukaresama” is to show your gratitude towards your colleagues. Let’s say Keiko san is about to leave the office after a long hard day of work together. This is the perfect time to show your appreciation for her hard work today.

In English we would more than likely say, great work or good job today, but this doesn’t have the same feel as “Otsukaresama”. Otsukaresama has a deeper feeling of respect towards your colleague in comparison to an off the cuff compliment at the end of the day.

When should I use Otsukaresama?

So there are actually situations where Otsukaresama could be used, BOTH inside and out of the workplace. You will hear it so many times, day to day, in the workplace it’s unbelievable. Now we are going to look at how and when to use Otsukaresama so you can start blending in seamlessly to your new workplace culture.

Otsukaresama –Usage 1: After work

The first situation, and the most straightforward to understand, is at the end of the working day. When the working day is come you can say “Otsukaresama Deshita” to everyone who was working with you that day as a sign of gratitude for their efforts. It is also great for team bonding and boosts morale within the team. It’s very common In Japan to go out for a drink afterwork too as a reward for a solid effort and as a great way to unwind.

Otsukaresama – Usage 2: In the workplace 

From bumping into a colleague at the water cooler, to crossing paths in the IT room, it’s never a bad time to throw out an Otsukaresama. People may feel that it is too much sometimes but it’s a really great way to make people feel valued and motivated.

It is very common after the close of a meeting or presentation to use Otsukaresama to thank everyone for taking part.

If a colleague has completed a project or hit a goal, then Otsukaresama can be used! It’s all about feeling valued along with a sense of recognition. Wouldn’t you like to hear this from all of your colleagues at work? The world would be a much nicer place to live in, that’s for sure.

Otsukaresama – Usage 3: Arriving at work.

Now this seems like a strange place to use Otsukaresama as you’ve just arrived at work and haven’t really done anything yet? Why would you be thanked for your work for just arriving? Sounds pretty nice though.

Well actually it’s very common place to use Otsukaresama at the beginning of the day to greet your colleagues. In this scenario it’s more commonly associated as a “Hi” and is seen as the perfect conversation starter for the Japanese workday.

Otsukaresama – Usage 4: Outside of work

Now you can also use Otsukaresama when you meet up with your friends, family or other people you know. If you know that they are also fellow workers just like you and would like to compliment and recognize their efforts of the day you can use Otsukaresama in that situation. However, using Otsukaresama with your work colleagues has a much deeper meaning than with people who you know work like you but not within the same organisation.

So that was a nice summary of all the different situations to use Otsukaresama, let’s now look finally at Desu and Deshita. 

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おつかれさまでした

Good work. ; Nice job.

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